The idolatry of Jehoram, and his reasons for fighting Moab, are relevant factors in this passage. Next, potential reasons for Yahweh to be angry with Israel will be discussed. It will be argued that 2 Kings 3 would not allow for the power of a god other than Yahweh, because the OT consistently mocks the power of other gods. Chapter 2 will discuss the possibilities of divine anger. A discussion of the usages of היה קֶצֶף עַל in the Hebrew Bible will exclude human-wrath views and will point toward the view that it was Yahweh’s wrath which came on Israel. It will be argued that the reading of MT (“great wrath”) in 2 Kings 3:27 is to be followed over that of LXX (“great regret”). ![]() Chapter 1 will discuss the text, lexemes, and grammar of 2 Kings 3:27. Finally, the object of the wrath has needed clarification based on the grammar of the passage. Second is the reason for the wrath, be it one or more sins of Israel or the sacrifice of Mesha. First is the source of the wrath, whether from a god or group of men. This thesis endeavors to explain three aspects of the wrath which came on Israel in verse 27. The multitude of views on this passage throughout the ages indicates the difficulty in interpreting it accurately. 27) and its apparent clash with Elisha’s words (vv. (To make these documents more intelligible, I’m also including a Key to the formatting of the Parallel Alignments and a Key to the formatting of the Brainstorming on Possible Retroversions.) I hope these documents are a help, especially for those who happen to read my thesis :)Ģ Kings 3:4–27 is a challenging text to interpret due to the brevity of the finale (v. That’s why I’m sharing these present documents (i.e., the Parallel Alignments, and the Brainstorming on Possible Retroversions), since I don’t think I’ll ever get a chance to flesh out these arguments in any formal academic works. (The entire retroversion can be found in Appendix A of my thesis, “Toward the Originally Authored Book of the Twelve: Testing the Coherence of the Variant Shapings of the Twelve Prophets.”) It was not possible, within the thesis, to include detailed arguments for all the various retroverted elements. This document is part of the research that went into the Hebrew retroversion of the LXX Twelve Prophets, which I developed as a stepping-stone to analyzing the coherence of the LXX arrangement of the books of the Twelve. In the end, a decision is made as to whether or not to retrovert, and (if retroverting) which option is most likely what the the translators saw (or thought they saw). This document contains notes from the research on every difference between the MT and LXX texts of Zechariah that was deemed significant, and that was tagged as such (with color-coding and underlining) in the companion document, “Parallel Alignment of MT-LXX Twelve (11) Zechariah.” For each difference, parsing and translation is provided for the MT and LXX texts (as necessary), and as many options for Hebrew retroversion as possible are identified, spelled, vocalized, parsed, translated, and discussed (including citation of scholarly sources that support each option). In the limited space of this paper, I will focus on Amos and Zechariah, which seem to me to be the books where the main evidence has been found. More precisely, I would like to assess the notion that the wording of the Greek text in several passages betrays a bias against some nations (notably the Seleucides) or some leading families (the Tobiads) contemporary to the translator on the one hand, and pro-Hasmonean sympathies on the other. This is the hypothesis I would like to examine here. Whatever the original reason, he was influenced by his own affinities and hostilities towards some contemporary nations or social groups, so he perceived in the text and/or projected into it allusions to realities and ideas of his own time. Of course, religion and politics were often interweaven in Antiquity, but the hypothesis in question entails a hostility of the translator towards nations and social groups even in cases where no theological motive underlies the text. In recent research in the Greek version of the Minor Prophets, a rising number of studies have pointed out ideological tendencies of a political kind underlying the choices made by the translator.
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